Here is the notes of Class 6 NCERT Political Science – Chapter 3: “What is Government?

 

Government

      • A government is a group of people with the authority to make decisions and enforce laws for a country.
      • It helps run the country and takes care of people’s needs.

The government is needed to:

      • Maintain law and order
      • Protect the borders
      • Provide facilities like roads, schools, and hospitals
      • Make and enforce laws
      • Solve disputes
      • Collect and use taxes for public welfare

Levels of Government

      1. Local Level – Village, town, or city (Panchayats, Municipalities)
      2. State Level – Whole state (State Government)
      3. National Level – Whole country (Central Government)

Types of Government

Democracy
        • It is the people who give the government this power.
        • People elect their leaders.
        • Leaders make decisions on behalf of the people.
        • In a democracy the government has to explain its actions and defend its decisions to the people.
 Monarchy
        • Ruled by a king or queen.
        • Power is usually inherited.
        • The monarch may have a small group of people to discuss matter with, but the final decision-making power remains with the monarch.
        • Kings queens do not have to explain their actions or defend the decisions they take.

Democratic Governments

      • Democratic governments usually referred to as representative democracies.
      • In democracy people have the power to elect their leaders.
      • They choose their representatives through an election process.
      • The basic idea is that people rule themselves by participating in the making of these rules.

Universal Adult Franchise

    • Every adult citizen of a country, regardless of their caste, religion, gender, or social status, has right to vote in elections.
    • American women got the right to vote in 1920.
    • Women in the UK got right to vote in 1928.
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