Q. Consider the following statements about the crust:
1. The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth.
2. The continental crust is mainly made up of silica and alumina.
3. The oceanic crust is mostly made up of Hydrogen and Helium.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
A). 1 only
B). 3 only
C). 1 and 2 only
D). None of them
Answer: C). C). 1 and 2 only
Explanation: Continental crust (35km) is rich in silica–alumina (sial) and oceanic crust (5km) in silica–magnesium (sima).
Q. Consider the following statements about the mantle:
1. The mantle extends up to a depth of 2900 km.
2. The mantle lies below the crust and is made up of hot molten rocks.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A). 1 only
B). 2 only
C). Both 1 and 2
D). Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C). C). Both 1 and 2
Q. Consider the following statements about the Earth’s core:
1. The core is the innermost layer of the Earth.
2. The core is mainly composed of iron and nickel.
3. The central core has very high temperature and pressure.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A). 1 and 2 only
B). 2 and 3 only
C). 1 and 3 only
D). 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A). 1 and 2 only
Explanation: The core is the innermost layer made of iron and nickel (nife)
Q. Consider the following statements about rocks:
1. Rocks are made up of minerals.
2. All rocks have the same colour and hardness.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
A). 1 only
B). 2 only
C). Both 1 and 2
D). Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: A). 1 only
Explanation: Rocks vary in colour, texture, and hardness depending on mineral composition.
Q. Consider the following statements about types of rocks:
1. Igneous rocks are formed from molten magma.
2. Sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition of sediments.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A). 1 only
B). 2 only
C). Both 1 and 2
D). Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C). Both 1 and 2
Explanation: Both igneous and sedimentary rocks originate from different processes.
Q. Consider the following statements about igneous rocks:
1. Igneous rocks are also known as primary rocks.
2. They contain fossils.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
A). 1 only
B). 2 only
C). Both 1 and 2
D). Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: A). A). 1 only
Explanation: Igneous rocks form first on Earth; they do NOT contain fossils because lava destroys them.
Q. Consider the following statements about intrusive igneous rocks:
1. Intrusive rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies below the Earth’s surface.
2. Granite is an example of an intrusive rock.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A). 1 and 2 only
B). 2 and 3 only
C). 1 and 3 only
D). 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A). 1 and 2 only
Explanation: Intrusive rocks form underground and cool slowly, resulting in coarse-grained texture; granite is a common example.
Q. Consider the following statements about extrusive igneous rocks:
1. Extrusive rocks are formed from lava that cools on the Earth’s surface.
2. Basalt is an example of an extrusive rock.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
A). 1 only
B). 2 only
C). Both 1 and 2
D). Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C). Both 1 and 2
Q. Consider the following statements about metamorphic rocks:
1. They are formed when igneous or sedimentary rocks change due to heat and pressure.
2. Marble is an example of a metamorphic rock.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
A). 1 only
B). 2 only
C). Both 1 and 2
D). Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C). Both 1 and 2
Explanation: Limestone becomes marble under heat and pressure; both statements are correct.
Q. Consider the following statements about sedimentary rocks:
1. They are formed by the accumulation and compaction of sediments.
2. They always form directly from molten magma.
3. They may contain fossils.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A). 1 only
B). 1 and 3 only
C). 2 and 3 only
D). 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B). B). 1 and 3 only
Explanation: Sedimentary rocks form from sediments, not magma.
Q. Match the following pairs correctly regarding the changes in rocks:
1. Limestone a. Slate
2. Clay b. Marble
Options:
A). 1-a, 2-b
B). 1-b, 2-a
Answer: B). 1-b, 2-a
Q. The rock cycle shows the transformation of one type of rock into another due to:
A). Heat and pressure only
B). Weathering, erosion, deposition, heat and pressure
C). Melting only
D). Cooling only
Answer:B). Weathering, erosion, deposition, heat and pressure
Explanation: The rock cycle involves many processes—weathering, erosion, deposition, heat, pressure, melting, and cooling.
Q. In the rock cycle, which of the following is the correct sequence from magma to sedimentary rock?
A). Magma → Igneous rock → Sediments → Sedimentary rock
B). Magma → Sedimentary rock → Metamorphic rock
C). Magma → Metamorphic rock → Sedimentary rock
D). Magma → Sediments → Igneous rock
Answer: A). Magma → Igneous rock → Sediments → Sedimentary rock
Explanation: Magma cools to form igneous rocks, which weather into sediments, forming sedimentary rocks
Q. Deepest mine in the world is located in:
A). Canada
B). South Africa
C). Australia
D). India
Answer: B). South Africa
Explanation: The Mponeng Gold Mine in South Africa is the world’s deepest mine, reaching depths of about 4 km