Q. What is proto-industrialisation?
A). Full-scale factory-based production
B). Early stage of industrial development before mechanisation
C). Modern industrialisation
D). Agricultural production only
Answer: B). Early stage of industrial development before mechanisation
Explanation: Proto-industrialisation refers to the stage where rural households engaged in production of goods for the International market.
Q. The first country to undergo industrialisation was:
A). France
B). Germany
C). Britain
D). USA
Answer: C). Britain
Explanation: Britain was the first country to industrialise in the late 18th century due to its natural resources, colonies, and technological innovations.
Q. The steam engine was improved by:
A). James Hargreaves
B). Richard Arkwright
C). James Watt
D). Henry Bessemer
Answer: C). James Watt
Explanation: James Watt improved the steam engine in the late 18th century, making it efficient for industrial use.
Q. Which was the first modern industry in India?
A). Steel industry
B). Cotton textile mills in Bombay and Ahmedabad
C). Jute mills in Kolkata
D). Coal mining
Answer: B). Cotton textile mills in Bombay and Ahmedabad
Explanation: Bombay and Ahmedabad were the first centres for modern textile mills under British colonial rule.
Q. The first cotton mill in India was established in:
A). 1750
B). 1818
C). 1854
D). 1900
Answer: C). 1854
Explanation: The first cotton mill was established in Bombay in 1854.
Q. The first Jute mill was established at?
A). Bombay
B). Ahmedabad
C). Calcutta
D). Madras
Answer: C). Calcutta (Kolkata)
Explanation: The first Jute mill was established in Calcutta in 1917.
Q. Who established the first jute mill in Calcutta?
A). George Acland
B). Dwarkanath Tagore
C). Jamsetji Tata
D). Seth Hukumchand
Answer: D). Seth Hukumchand
Q. Industrial towns in Britain were often characterised by:
A). Overcrowding and poor sanitation
B). Modern hospitals
C). Planned parks
D). Low population
Answer: A). Overcrowding and poor sanitation
Explanation: Rapid urbanisation led to overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions.
Q. What is carding in the textile industry?
A). Spinning yarn into thread
B). Separating and cleaning raw fibres before spinning
C). Weaving fabric
D). Dyeing the cloth
Answer: B). Separating and cleaning raw fibres before spinning
Explanation: Carding is the process of separating, straightening, and cleaning raw fibres (like cotton or wool) to prepare them for spinning.
Q. Industrialisation in Britain led to:
A). Urbanisation
B). Rise of a working class
C). Pollution and poor living conditions
D). All of the above
Answer: D). All of the above
Explanation: Industrialisation caused urban growth, created a new working class, and led to environmental problems.
Q. Who were the Gomastha in colonial India?
A). British soldiers
B). Agents of the East India Company
C). Local rulers
D). Missionaries
Answer: B). Agents of the East India Company
Explanation: Gomastha were agents employed by the British East India Company to supervise weavers and collect goods and payments.