Here is the notes from Class 6 NCERT Geography – Chapter 7: Our Country – India

 India at a Glance

• • • India has an area of about 3,28 million sq, km.
    • North south extent 3,200 km (Ladakh to Kanyakumari).
    • East west extent 2,900 km (Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh).
    • 7th largest country in the world by area.
    • 2nd most populous country in the world.
    • Lies in the Northern Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere.

Location

• • • India is bounded by
      • North- The Himalayas
      • West- The Arabian Sea
      • East- The Bay of Bengal
      • South- The Indian Ocean
    • Latitudinal extent: 8°4’N to 37°6’N
    • Longitudinal extent: 68°7’E to 97°25’E
    • The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) divides India into two halves (north and south).
    • 82°30E has taken as the Indian Standard Time.
    • The sun rises about two hours earlier in the east (Arunachal Pradesh) than the west (Gujarat).

Borders

• • • Land boundaries: About 15,200 km long.
    • Coastline: About 7,516.6 km long.
    • Neighbouring countries:
      • North: Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan
      • West: Pakistan
      • East: Bangladesh (Longest land border), Myanmar
      • South (across the sea): Sri Lanka, Maldives

 Physical Divisions of India

• Mountains

1. 1. • Himalayas in the north.
      • Home to the highest peaks (e.g., Mount Everest in Nepal).
      • The Himalayan mountains are divided into three main parallel ranges
        • Great Himalaya or Himadri (Northmost)
        • Middle Himalaya or Himachal (Middle)
        • Shiwalik (Southmost)

• Northern Plains

1. • Fertile and flat.
   • Lies south of the Himalayas.
   • Formed by the alluvial deposits laid down by the river
   • Formed by rivers like the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus and its tributaries.

• • • 1. Indian Desert
         • Lies in the western part of India.
         • It is dry, hot and sandy stretch of land.
         • It has very low vegetation.

• Peninsular Plateau

1. 1. • Includes Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau.
      • Triangular in shape.
      • Rich in minerals.
      • Numerous hills and valley
        • Ex- Aravali, Vindhyas and Satpuras hill
      • Eastern Ghats
        • Provide eastern boundary.
        • Eastern ghats are broken and uneven.
      • Western Ghats (Sahyadris)
        • Provide western boundaries.
        • Western ghats are almost continuous.

• Coastal Plains

1. • Western Coastal Plains.

     • Bordered by the Arabian Sea.
     • Western coastal plains are very narrow.

   • Eastern Coastal Plains.

     • Bordered by the Bay of Bengal.
     • Eastern coastal plains are much broader.
     • Numerous east flowing rivers.
       • Mahanadi, Krishna, Kaveri
       • These river form fertile deltas.
       • The Sunderban delta is formed where Ganga and Brahmaputra flow into Bay of Bengal.

• Islands

1. • Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
     • Lie to the southeast of the Indian mainland in the Bay of Bengal
   • Lakshadweep Islands.
     • Located in the Arabian sea in the off coast of Kerala
     • These are coral islands.

How Corals island are formed?

Corals are skeleton of tiny marine animals called Polyps. When the living polyps die, their skeleton are left. Other polyps grow on the top of the hard skeleton which grow grows higher and higher, thus forming a coral islands.