Q. Which of the following is not a function of the judiciary?
A). Settling disputes
B). Protecting fundamental rights
C). Making laws
D). Interpreting laws
Answer: C). Making laws
Explanation: Law-making is the role of the legislature, not the judiciary.
Q. Which Article did the Supreme Court interpret broadly in the Paschim Banga case?
A). Article 14
B). Article 19
C). Article 21
D). Article 32
Answer: C). Article 21
Explanation: Article 21 was expanded to cover emergency medical care obligations of the State.
Q. Independence of judiciary means:
A). Judges make laws
B). Judges act on government instructions
C). Courts work without government interference
D). Police control the courts
Answer: C). Courts work without government interference
Explanation: Judiciary must be free from executive or legislative pressure.
Q. Which provision ensures judicial independence?
A). Salaries decided by Executive
B). Judges cannot be removed easily
C). Judges elected by people
D). Judges can be dismissed anytime
Answer: B). Judges cannot be removed easily
Explanation: Hard removal conditions ensure independence of judges.
Q. Which is the highest court in the Indian judicial system?
A). High Court
B). Supreme Court
C). District Court
D). Lok Adalat
Answer: B). Supreme Court
Explanation: The Supreme Court is the apex judicial authority in India.
Q. Judicial review means courts can:
A). Amend the Constitution
B). Suspend elections
C). Review laws and strike them down if unconstitutional
D). Make new laws
Answer: C). Review laws and strike them down if unconstitutional
Explanation: Judicial review protects the Constitution from violations.
Q. Which of the following correctly shows the arrangement of courts in India from highest to lowest?
A). Supreme Court → High Court → District Court
B). High Court → Supreme Court → District Court
C). District Court → High Court → Supreme Court
D). Supreme Court → District Court → High Court
Answer: A). Supreme Court → High Court → District Court
Q. Which of the following High Courts was not established in 1862?
A). Calcutta High Court
B). Bombay High Court
C). Delhi High Court
D). Madras High Court
Answer: C). Delhi High Court
Explanation: Delhi High Court was established in 1966.
Q. The term ‘Appellate Judiciary’ refers to:
A). Courts that only conduct criminal trials
B). Courts that review decisions of lower courts
C). Courts that make new laws
D). Courts that supervise elections
Answer: B). Courts that review decisions of lower courts
Explanation: Appellate judiciary handles appeals and reviews decisions made by lower courts.
Q. Match the following types of law with their main focus:
1. Criminal Law A. Disputes between individuals or organizations
2. Civil Law B. Punishment for offences against society or the state
Options:
A). 1–A, 2–B
B). 1–B, 2–A
Answer: B). 1–B, 2–A
Explanation:
• Criminal Law: theft, murder, harassing woman etc
• Civil Law: divorces, dispute to sale of land, purchase of goods, rent matters etc
Q. The Olga Tellis case (1985) is mainly related to which Fundamental Right?
A). Right to Equality (Article 14)
B). Right to Freedom of Speech (Article 19)
C). Right to Life (Article 21)
D). Right against Exploitation (Article 23)
Answer: C). Right to Life (Article 21)
Explanation: The Supreme Court held that Right to Life includes the right to livelihood, protecting pavement dwellers from arbitrary eviction
Q. What is the maximum sanctioned strength of judges in the Supreme Court of India (including the Chief Justice)?
A). 25
B). 30
C). 33
D). 34
Answer: D). 34
Explanation: The maximum strength of the Supreme Court is 34 judges, which includes 1 Chief Justice and 33 other judges.
Q. Public Interest Litigation (PIL) allows:
A). Only victims to file cases
B). Any public-spirited citizen to approach the court on behalf of affected persons
C). Only lawyers to file cases
D). Only government officials to file cases
Answer: B). Any public-spirited citizen to approach the court on behalf of affected persons
Explanation: PIL enables citizens to seek justice for public causes or vulnerable groups.