Q. Which mountain range protects India from the cold winds coming from Central Asia?
A). Aravalli Range
B). Western Ghats
C). Himalayas
D). Vindhya Range
Answer: C). Himalayas
Explanation: The Himalayas act as a massive barrier and prevent the icy cold winds from Central Asia from entering India, keeping temperatures comparatively higher in winter.
Q. What is a jet stream?
A). A type of monsoon wind
B). A river in the mountains
C). A fast-flowing narrow air current in the upper atmosphere
D). Ocean current near the equator
Answer: C). A fast-flowing narrow air current in the upper atmosphere
Q. The Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream flows south of which major mountain range?
A). Western Ghats
B). Eastern Ghats
C). Himalayas
D). Aravalli
Answer: C). Himalayas
Explanation: The Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream is strongest in winter and brings Western Disturbances that cause winter rainfall (Rabi crops) in north and north western part of India.
Q. The Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream shifts northward during:
A). Summer
B). Winter
C). Monsoon withdrawal
D). Autumn
Answer: A). Summer
Explanation: During summer, the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream shifts northward, weakening over India, which allows the Tropical Easterly Jet to dominate and influence the Southwest Monsoon.
Q. What are Western Disturbances?
A). Tropical cyclones formed over the Indian Ocean
B). Temperate cyclones originating in the Mediterranean region
C). Local thunderstorms over northern India
D). Cold air masses from Siberia
Answer: B). Temperate cyclones originating in the Mediterranean region
Explanation: Western Disturbances are temperate cyclones that originate over the Mediterranean region and move eastward towards India.
Q. Which of the following statements about ITCZ is correct?
A). It remains fixed at the equator throughout the year
B). It moves north in summer and south in winter
C). It causes snow in equatorial regions
D). It is unrelated to monsoon winds
Answer: B). It moves north in summer and south in winter
Explanation: The ITCZ shifts northward in summer and southward in winter, following the Sun’s apparent movement, affecting rainfall and monsoon patterns.
Q. Southern Oscillation primarily refers to:
A). Fluctuation in ocean currents between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans
B). Alternating pressure conditions between the eastern and western Pacific Ocean
C). Seasonal reversal of trade winds
D). Movement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone
Answer: B). Alternating pressure conditions between the eastern and western Pacific Ocean
Q. During an El Nino event, which of the following is most likely to occur in the Pacific region?
A). Cooler waters near the South American coast
B). Higher pressure over the eastern Pacific
C). Warmer waters near the South American coast
D). Strengthened pressure gradient from east to west
Answer: C). Warmer waters near the South American coast
Explanation: El Niño causes warm water to accumulate near the coast of Peru and Ecuador, reducing the usual cold-water upwelling.
Q. El Nino develops due to the interaction of which two ocean currents?
A). Peruvian Current and Kuroshio Current
B). Peruvian Current and Humboldt Current
C). California Current and North Equatorial Current
D). Humboldt Current and Benguela Current
Answer: B). Peruvian Current and Humboldt Current
Q. The Southwest Monsoon normally arrives in India around:
A). Early May
B). Mid May
C). Early June
D). Mid June
Answer: C). Early June
Explanation: The normal onset date of the Southwest Monsoon over India is early June in Kerala and by mid July it reaches rest of India.
Q. By which time does the monsoon usually retreat from the Northern Plains of India?
A). Late August
B). Mid-September
C). Early-October
D). Late November
Answer: C). Early-October
Explanation: The retreat of the Southwest Monsoon from the Northern Plains normally occurs by early-October, and in by early December from the rest of the country.
Q. Match the following:
1. Cold Weather Season
2. Hot Weather Season
3. Advancing Monsoon
4. Retreating Monsoon
a). October–November
b). March–May
c). June–September
d). December–February
Options
A) 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a
B) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d
C) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
D) 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a
Answer: D) 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a
Q. Match the following pairs regarding monsoon seasons and their wind directions:
1. Advancing Monsoon
2. Retreating Monsoon
a). Winds blow from South-West to North-East
b). Winds blow from North-East to South-West
Choose the correct match:
A). 1-a, 2-b
B). 1-b, 2-a
Answer: A). 1-a, 2-b
Q. What is ‘Loo’ in the context of Indian climate?
A). A cold wind blowing during winter
B). A hot, dry wind blowing during summer
C). A monsoon wind bringing heavy rainfall
D). A local thunderstorm in the Himalayas
Answer: B). A hot, dry wind blowing during summer
Explanation: Loo is a hot, dry, and strong wind that blows in North and North Western India during the summer season.
Q. Kal Baisakhi is most common in which Indian region?
A). Rajasthan
B). West Bengal
C). Gujarat
D). Kerala
Answer: B). West Bengal
Explanation: Kal Baisakhi refers to violent thunderstorms that occur during the pre-monsoon month
Q. Mango Showers are most commonly experienced in which Indian state?
A). Gujarat – Maharashtra
B). Kerala – Karnataka
C). Bihar – Jharkhand
D). Punjab – Himachal Pradesh
Answer: B). Kerala – Karnataka
Explanation: Mango Showers occur mainly in Kerala during the pre-monsoon season.
Q. Which monsoon provides the major share of rainfall to Tamil Nadu?
A). Southwest Monsoon
B). Northeast Monsoon
C). Western Disturbances
D). Summer Monsoon
Answer: B). Northeast Monsoon
Explanation: Tamil Nadu receives most of its rainfall from the Northeast Monsoon in Winter (October- November).
Q. The phenomenon responsible for rainfall on the windward side is known as:
A). Convectional rainfall
B). Cyclonic rainfall
C). Orographic rainfall
D). Frontal rainfall
Answer: C). Orographic rainfall
Explanation: Orographic rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain barrier.
Q. October Heat is experienced mainly during the:
A). Onset of monsoon
B). Peak monsoon season
C). Retreating monsoon season
D). Winter season
Answer: C). Retreating monsoon season
Q. The main cause of October Heat is:
A). Cold winds from Central Asia
B). High temperature combined with high humidity
C). Low atmospheric pressure
D). Continuous heavy rainfall
Answer: B). High temperature combined with high humidity
Q. What does the coefficient of variation of rainfall indicate?
A). Total annual rainfall of a region
B). Average monthly rainfall
C). Degree of variability or consistency of rainfall
D). Duration of monsoon season
Answer: C). Degree of variability or consistency of rainfall
Explanation: The coefficient of variation (CV) measures how much rainfall varies from the average, indicating reliability.
Q. Which of the following regions in India has a high coefficient of variation of rainfall?
A). Western Coastal Plains
B). Northeastern India
C). Western Rajasthan
D). Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Answer: C). Western Rajasthan
Explanation: Western Rajasthan experiences irregular and scanty rainfall, resulting in high variability.
Q. According to Köppen’s classification, India’s climate is divided into how many climatic groups?
A). 9
B). 5
C). 6
D). 8
Answer: D). 8
Q. According to Köppen’s classification, which type of climate is found on the Coromandel Coast of India?
A). Aw
B). Dfc
C). BShw
D). As
Answer: D). As